On the attraction power of critical state in granular materials

The aim of this paper is to offer a fresh perspective on the classic concept critical state (CS) in granular materials by suggesting that CS can be defined through use single proportional strain test. In conventional testing, manifests itself under constant lateral stress and controlled one given direction whenever continuous shearing applied without change being induced material volume. However, comparison between tests biaxial simulated with DEM has clearly shown line (CSL) characterized stresses, void ratio fabric indexes act as an attractor. mechanical responses metrics evolve along dilatant loading paths according similar values after level become large enough wipe out memory homogeneous domains considered analysis, i.e., shear band area dense samples whole loose samples. This suggests micro-structure subjected any evolves while preserving its ability withstand volume at time. Therefore, generalized wide class which shows acts general attractor irrespective path considered.